{"id":6978,"date":"2020-05-04T17:58:55","date_gmt":"2020-05-04T15:58:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hausamstrom.de\/pouziti-a-historie\/"},"modified":"2020-05-04T17:58:55","modified_gmt":"2020-05-04T15:58:55","slug":"pouziti-a-historie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hausamstrom.de\/cs\/udoli-dunaje-2\/pruvodci-rekou-dunaj\/pouziti-a-historie\/","title":{"rendered":"Pou\u017eit\u00ed a historie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dal\u0161\u00ed \u00favahy o v\u00fdvoji Donauleiten<\/h1>\n

\"Landschaftswandel,<\/p>\n

Zm\u011bna krajiny, \u00fadol\u00ed Dunaje, Passau, Donauleiten Donausk\u00e1 jezera jsou oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se vyzna\u010duje rozmanitost\u00ed stanovi\u0161\u0165 a v\u00fdslednou druhovou rozmanitost\u00ed. Mozaika podobn\u00e1 typu stanovi\u0161\u0165, \u010dasto mal\u00fdch nebo minutov\u00fdch, je v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm prvkem svah\u016f Dunaje v Pasov\u011b. S ohledem na biogeografickou polohu pr\u016flomov\u00e9ho \u00fadol\u00ed maj\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdznam zejm\u00e9na otev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed typy biotop\u016f s tepelnou ton\u00e1\u017e\u00ed (blokov\u00e9 hromady, sk\u00e1ly a skaln\u00ed st\u011bny, svahov\u00e9 oblasti omezen\u00e9 na sv\u011btl\u00fd dub). Donauleiten je proto t\u0159eba v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b popsat jako z\u00e1kladnu druh\u016f s jihoevropsk\u00fdmi, panonsk\u00fdmi a kontinent\u00e1ln\u00edmi distribu\u010dn\u00edmi st\u0159edisky.<\/p>\n

Po posledn\u00ed ledov\u00e9 dob\u011b a p\u0159ed intenzivn\u00edm vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm \u00fadol\u00ed Dunaje lidmi (zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, doprava, os\u00eddlen\u00ed v \u00fadol\u00ed, vyu\u017eit\u00ed lesa ve svaz\u00edch), otev\u0159en\u00e1 stanovi\u0161t\u011b v Donauleiten na skalnat\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch, svahy blok\u016f, b\u0159eh Dunaje (sk\u00e1la, \u0161t\u011brk) a omezen\u00e9 do\u010dasn\u00e9 oblasti v\u011btrn\u00fdch \u010derv\u016f. Rostouc\u00ed osada pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ve f\u00e1z\u00edch vedla k zintenzivn\u011bn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed jak v \u00fadol\u00ed (osady, silnice, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed), tak na svaz\u00edch (lesnictv\u00ed). Vyu\u017eit\u00ed les\u016f se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b li\u0161ilo v z\u00e1vislosti na po\u017eadavc\u00edch na zdroje (nap\u0159. Popt\u00e1vka d\u0159eva po taven\u00ed \u017eeleza b\u011bhem keltsk\u00e9 \u00e9ry). Z hlediska intenzity vyu\u017eit\u00ed a formy se neo\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed svah\u016f Dunaje.<\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 vlna vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed lesn\u00edch porost\u016f (st\u0159edn\u00ed a n\u00edzk\u00e1 spr\u00e1va les\u016f) od asi 18. stolet\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vedla k v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu pod\u00edlu \u201eotev\u0159en\u00fdch\u201c nebo polootev\u0159en\u00fdch stanovi\u0161\u0165. Vzhledem ke zm\u011bn\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed nebo \u00fakolu od 50. let 20. stolet\u00ed je v sou\u010dasnosti patrn\u00fd opa\u010dn\u00fd trend (\u00fanik koruny). Jsou zde vylou\u010dena zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed m\u00edsta, jako jsou skaln\u00ed oblasti a blokov\u00e9 svahy, nebo je zde r\u016fst v\u00fdrazn\u011b pomalej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Je vid\u011bt, \u017ee uzav\u0159en\u00ed kabiny vedlo od pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let k v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b stanovi\u0161\u0165. Do t\u00e9to doby lze v p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch oblastech identifikovat intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed lesa. Pod\u00edl \u010dist\u011b \u0159ezan\u00fdch povrch\u016f byl odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem vysok\u00fd. V d\u016fsledku toho se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 a m\u00edstn\u00ed propagace termofiln\u00edch Offenland a Saumarten. Otev\u0159enost svah\u016f v d\u016fsledku takov\u00fdch \u201eud\u00e1lost\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed\u201c byla obecn\u011b velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b obecn\u011b krat\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se rychl\u00fd z\u00e1sah do k\u0159ov\u00ed (pomoc\u00ed vyr\u00e1\u017eek a p\u0159\u00edstupu semen) a zales\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed (obdob\u00ed asi 10 let). To bylo pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b kompenzov\u00e1no relativn\u011b mal\u00fdmi, mozaikovit\u00fdmi, Niederwaldartige lesy.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky extenzifikaci vyu\u017eit\u00ed v posledn\u00edch cca 50\u201360 letech lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat posun (z hlediska kvantity, n\u011bkdy kvalitativn\u011b) termofiln\u00edch druh\u016f voln\u00e9 p\u016fdy a b\u011bl\u00edc\u00edch d\u0159evin na (termofiln\u00ed) lesn\u00ed druhy. Podle sou\u010dasn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed v\u0161ak neexistuj\u00ed podstatn\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty druh\u016f!<\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b p\u0159edstavuje les p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017enou \u010d\u00e1st vegetace v dunajsk\u00fdch oblastech vzhledem ke sv\u00e9 povaze a vyu\u017eit\u00ed, sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav ochrany mnoha lesn\u00edch oblast\u00ed v oblasti lze z hlediska jejich struktury (zralost, p\u0159irozenost) ozna\u010dit jako m\u00e1lo nebo st\u0159edn\u011b cenn\u00fd. D\u016fvodem je relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fd v\u011bk mnoha z\u00e1sob (<70 let). V (bukov\u00fdch) lesn\u00edch porostech n\u00ed\u017einn\u00e9 oblasti se formuj\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed struktury od minim\u00e1ln\u00edho st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed populace kolem 100 a\u017e 150 let. Velmi cenn\u00e9 zdroje jsou v\u0161ak v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inou um\u00edst\u011bny na nep\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch m\u00edstech (nap\u0159. Skaln\u00ed oblasti, potoky) nebo z jin\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f ji\u017e nevyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 oblasti. Lze v\u0161ak konstatovat, \u017ee navzdory mal\u00e9mu v\u011bku mnoha lesn\u00edch porost\u016f v Donauleiten ji\u017e za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e1 \u201ezr\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c a dynamika. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou jsou jist\u011b podm\u00ednky na svaz\u00edch. D\u016fle\u017eitou roli zde hraje z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivinami a vodou na such\u00fdch stanovi\u0161t\u00edch na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b a n\u00edzk\u00fd ko\u0159enov\u00fd odpor p\u016fdy nas\u00e1kl\u00e9 blokem na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b. To na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b znamen\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed stres (such\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed) a v d\u016fsledku toho rychlej\u0161\u00ed \u201est\u00e1rnut\u00ed\u201c strom\u016f a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b vysokou pravd\u011bpodobnost po\u0161kozen\u00ed v\u011btrem. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u011btrn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti let 2015 a 2016 v oblasti Jochensteinu byly tak\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011btem posledn\u011b jmenovan\u00fdch, ve kter\u00fdch byly vytvo\u0159eny tak\u00e9 maloplo\u0161n\u00e9 me\u010de (<300 m\u00b2). D\u00e1 se o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee takov\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti se budou zvy\u0161ovat s rostouc\u00edm v\u011bkem populace, proto\u017ee se zvy\u0161uje prostorov\u00fd odpor jednotliv\u00fdch strom\u016f (korun). D\u016fsledkem je tak\u00e9 nepravideln\u00fd nov\u00fd v\u00fdvoj \u201clehk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f\u201d a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dal\u0161\u00ed \u00favahy o v\u00fdvoji Donauleiten Zm\u011bna krajiny, \u00fadol\u00ed Dunaje, Passau, Donauleiten Donausk\u00e1 jezera jsou oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se vyzna\u010duje rozmanitost\u00ed stanovi\u0161\u0165 a v\u00fdslednou druhovou rozmanitost\u00ed. Mozaika podobn\u00e1 typu stanovi\u0161\u0165, \u010dasto mal\u00fdch nebo minutov\u00fdch, je v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm prvkem svah\u016f Dunaje v Pasov\u011b. S ohledem na biogeografickou polohu pr\u016flomov\u00e9ho \u00fadol\u00ed maj\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdznam zejm\u00e9na otev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed typy biotop\u016f s tepelnou […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":6979,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6978","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nPou\u017eit\u00ed a historie - Haus am Strom<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hausamstrom.de\/cs\/udoli-dunaje-2\/pruvodci-rekou-dunaj\/pouziti-a-historie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pou\u017eit\u00ed a historie - Haus am Strom\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dal\u0161\u00ed \u00favahy o v\u00fdvoji Donauleiten Zm\u011bna krajiny, \u00fadol\u00ed Dunaje, Passau, Donauleiten Donausk\u00e1 jezera jsou oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se vyzna\u010duje rozmanitost\u00ed stanovi\u0161\u0165 a v\u00fdslednou druhovou rozmanitost\u00ed. 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